Table 2: Material properties and dimensions of the growth plate components used in the multi-scale models.
Layer E (MPa) Poisson’s ratio Thickness (T) in mm
Radius (R) in μm
Trabecular bone at both ends of the growth cartilage 400 0.3 T6
Calcified cartilage at the RZ border 100 [37] 0.3 T0.4∗
Calcified cartilage at the HZ border 50 0.3 T0.8∗
RZ 0.98 [38] 0.47 [38] T4, 3, 1, 0.5+
PZ/HZ 0.49 [38] 0.47 [38] T2, 1, 1, 0.5+
Hypertrophic cell within RZ-EP border (Cell 1)/PCM 0.002 [38,23]/0.265 [39] 0.4999 [38,23]/0.45 [39] R10∗/15#
Cell within RZ (Cell 2)/PCM 0.002 [38,23]/0.265 [39] 0.4999 [38,23]/0.45 [39] R5∗/7.5#
Cell in RZ-PZ/HZ border (Cell 3)/PCM 0.002 [38,23]/0.265 [39] 0.4999 [38,23]/0.45 [39] R5∗/7.5#
∗Based on the histology of a 20-day piglet femoral head. +Total GP thicknesses (RZ + PZ/HZ) are 6, 4, 2, and 1 mm.
#PCM shell thickness = 0.5 × cell radius [40]. RZ = reserve zone, PZ = proliferative zone, and HZ = hypertrophic zone.